Ye Yong, Y.P. Chen, G.C. Chen.Marine Environmental Research, 2013.83: 63-72.

Spatial and seasonal variations in litter production and C, N, and P concentrations were comparedbetween the 24 and 48 year old Kandelia obovata mangrove forests in the Jiulongjiang estuary, China. The24 yr forest had significantly higher production of total, leaf and branch litter, but lower flower and fruitlitter than the 48 yr forest. Total, leaf and branch litter production were significantly positively correlatedto monthly temperature and rainfall. Spatial patterns of litter production among the inner, mid and outerzones in the same forest were similar to those of tree heights. C, N and P concentrations of leaf littershowed significant seasonality but varied little among these three forest zones. C/N and N/P ratios of leaflitter were significantly lower for the 24 yr forest than those for the 48 yr forest. During the entiresampling year, total litter of the 24 and 48 yr forests contained 590.31 and 437.31 g C m-²yr^-1, 8.46and 5.47 g N m^-2yr^-1, 1.92 and 1.16 g P m^-2yr^-1, respectively.